A substance which deforms continuously under the action of shear stress is called
a) liquid
b) gas
d) solid
Practical fluids possess
a) viscosity
b) surface tension
c) compressibility
An ideal fluid is
b) obeys Newton's law of viscosity
c) is similar to gas
d) is very viscous
Variation in volume of liquid with variation in pressure is called
a) plasticity
b) viscosity
d) none of the above
Poise is the unit of
a) mass density
b) kinematic viscosity
d) none of the above
Stoke is the unit of
a) surface tension
b) pressure gradient
d) none of the above
If the volume of a liquid weighing 3 kg is 4 m³, then 0.75 is its
a) specific weight
b) mass
d) none of these
Water belongs to
b) non-Newtonian fluids
c) compressible fluids
d) none of these
Hooke's law for solid is analogous to
b) Pascal's law
c) Boundary layer theory
d) Continuity equation
The viscosity of liquid varies with temperature
a) directly proportional
b) inversely proportional
d) none of the above
The viscosity of gases varies with temperature
b) inversely proportional
c) constant
d) none of the above
Surface tension is the force
b) per unit area
c) per unit volume
d) all of the above
Falling drops of water become spheres due to
a) adhesion
b) cohesion
d) viscosity
The pressure difference inside and outside a droplet of water is given by
a) ΔP = σ/r
b) ΔP = 2σ/r
d) ΔP = σ/2r
The phenomenon of rising of a liquid surface in a tube of small diameter relative to the adjacent normal level of the liquid is known as
b) capillary fall
c) rising
d) none of the above
Capillary rise is proportional to
b) unit weight of water
c) diameter of pipe
d) none of the above
The capillary rise or fall of liquid is given by
a) 80cosθ/d
b) 40cosθ/d
d) none of the above
Cavitation is caused by
b) High pressure
c) Low velocity
d) High velocity
Cavitation is collapsed by
a) Low pressure
c) Low velocity
d) High velocity
The property making liquids oppose relative motion between layers is:
a) Surface tension
b) Coefficient of viscosity
d) Osmosis
Weight per unit volume at STP is:
b) Mass density (ρ)
c) Specific gravity (SG)
d) None
Viscosity affects flow rate:
b) No effect
c) Both
d) None
Newtonian stress-strain is:
b) Parabolic
c) Hyperbolic
d) Inverse
Oil with γ=7.85 kN/m³ has SG:
b) 1.0
c) 1.2
d) 1.6
Bulk modulus shows volume:
a) Constant
b) Decreases
d) None
Given V₁=0.04m³@50kg/cm², V₂=0.039m³@150kg/cm², bulk modulus is:
a) 400 kg/cm²
c) 40×10⁵ kg/cm²
d) 40×10⁶ kg/cm²
Fluids in equilibrium cannot sustain:
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
d) Bending stress
Property resisting tensile stress:
a) Compressibility
b) Surface tension
d) Adhesion
Vapor pressure over a concave surface is:
b) Equal to plane surface
c) Greater than plane surface
d) Zero
When pressure increases, fluid density:
a) Decreases
c) Remains same
d) May increase/decrease
Condition for liquid boiling:
a) Pabs ≥ Pvapor
b) Pabs ≤ Pvapor
c) Pabs = Pvapor
Ideal flow obeys:
b) Newton's viscosity law
c) Newton's 2nd law
d) Dynamic viscosity
Gas viscosity arises from:
a) Cohesion (liquid property)
b) Temperature
d) None
A fluid which obeys the Newton's law of viscosity is termed as
a) Real fluid
b) Ideal fluid
d) Non-Newtonian fluid
The property of fluid by virtue of which it offers resistance to shear is called
a) Surface tension
b) Adhesion
c) Cohesion
Practical fluids
a) Are viscous
b) Possess surface tension
c) Are compressible
Fluid is a substance that
a) Cannot be subjected to shear forces
b) Always expands until it fills any container
d) None of these
Dimensions of surface tension are
b) ML°T
c) ML r²
d) ML²T²
The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property
a) Cohesion
b) Adhesion
c) Viscosity
The property of a fluid which enables it to resist tensile stress is known as
a) Compressibility
b) Surface tension
d) Adhesion
Dynamic viscosity of most of the gases with rise in temperature
b) Decreases
c) Remain unaffected
d) Unpredictable
Stoke is the unit of
b) Kinematic viscosity in M.K.S. units
c) Dynamic viscosity in M.K.S. units
d) Dynamic viscosity in S.I. units
The unit of viscosity is
a) Metres² per sec
c) Newton-sec per metre²
d) Newton-sec per meter
The viscosity of water at 20°C is
a) One stoke
b) One centistoke
c) One poise
The unit of dynamic viscosity in S.I. units is
a) N-m/s²
c) Poise
d) Stoke
The ratio of absolute viscosity to mass density is known as
a) Specific viscosity
b) Viscosity index
d) Coefficient of viscosity
Unit of surface tension is
b) Velocity/unit area
c) Both of the above
d) It has no units
Capillary action is due to the
a) Surface tension
b) Cohesion of the liquid
c) Adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid
Free surface of a liquid behaves like a sheet and tends to contract to smallest possible area due to the
a) Force of adhesion
c) Force of friction
d) Force of diffusion
Choose the wrong statement
a) Viscosity of a fluid is that property which determines the amount of its resistance to a shearing force
b) Viscosity is due primarily to interaction between fluid molecules
c) Viscosity of liquids decreases with increase in temperature
A perfect gas
a) Has constant viscosity
b) Has zero viscosity
c) Is incompressible
Pascal's law states that pressure at a point is equal in all directions
a) in a liquid at rest
c) in a laminar flow
d) in a turbulent flow
To measure atmospheric pressure, we use
b) Piezometer
c) Manometers
d) Differential manometers
The pressure less than atmospheric pressure is known as
a) suction pressure
b) vacuum pressure
c) negative pressure
The atmospheric pressure varies with
a) altitude
b) temperature
c) weather conditions
Differential manometers are used to measure
a) pressure in water channels, etc
c) atmospheric pressure
d) very low pressure
Piezometers are used to measure
a) pressure in water channels, etc
b) difference in pressure at two points
c) atmospheric pressure
The pressure in pipe flow is normally
b) equal to atmospheric pressure
c) more than atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above
1 m head is equivalent to
b) 0.2 kg/cm²
c) 0.3 kg/cm²
d) 0.4 kg/cm²
An oil of specific gravity 0.7 and pressure 0.14 kgf/cm² will have the height of oil as
a) 70 cm of oil
c) 20 cm of oil
d) 80 cm of oil
When a body is placed over a liquid, it will sink down if:
a) Gravitational force equals the up-thrust
b) Gravitational force is less than up-thrust
d) None of these
A floating body oscillates about:
a) C.G.
b) Pressure center
c) Buoyancy center
Body returning to original position when tilted is:
a) Neutral
c) Unstable
d) None
When a liquid-filled cylinder rotates, the surface becomes:
a) Triangular
c) Elliptical
d) None
When a tank accelerates horizontally, the liquid surface:
a) Stays horizontal
c) Falls only at front
d) Falls only at back
For SG_metal=7 in SG_Hg=13.6, submerged fraction is:
a) 0.5
b) 0.4
d) 0.6
Ideal manometer liquid has:
b) Low surface tension
c) Irrelevant surface tension
d) High density/viscosity
Inclined vs U-tube sensitivity ratio:
a) sinθ
c) cosθ
d) 1/cosθ
When a body is placed over a liquid, it will sink down if
a) Gravitational force is equal to the up-thrust of the liquid
b) Gravitational force is less than the up-thrust of the liquid
c) Gravitational force is more than the up-thrust of the liquid
In an immersed body, centre of pressure is
a) At the centre of gravity
b) Above the centre of gravity
d) Could be above or below e.g. depending on density of body and liquid
The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an immersed body is called
a) Up-thrust
c) Center of pressure
d) All the above are correct
Center of buoyancy is the
b) Center of pressure of displaced volume
c) Does not exist
d) None of the above
When a body floating in a liquid is displaced slightly, it oscillates about
a) C.G. of body
b) Center of pressure
c) Center of buoyancy
For a body floating in a liquid the normal pressure exerted by the liquid acts at
a) Bottom of the body
b) C.G. of the body
c) Metacentre
A piece of metal of specific gravity 7 floats in mercury of specific gravity 13.6. What fraction of its volume is under mercury?
a) 0.5
b) 0.4
d) 0.5
When a cylindrical vessel containing liquid is resolved, the surface of the liquid takes the shape of
a) A triangle
c) An ellipse
d) None of these
A pressure of 25 m of head of water is equal to
a) 25 kN/m²
c) 2500 kN/m²
d) 2.5 kN/m²
The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act is known as
a) Meta center
c) Center of buoyancy
d) Center of gravity
Center of pressure compared to e.g. is
a) Above it
c) At same point
d) Above or below depending on area of body
The centre of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called
a) Centre of gravity
b) Centre of pressure
c) Metacentre
According to the principle of buoyancy a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid will be lifted up by a force equal to
a) The weight of the body
b) More than the weight of the body
c) Less than the weight of the body
The pressure measured with the help of a pressure gauge is called
a) Atmospheric pressure
c) Absolute pressure
d) Mean pressure
The absolute pressure is equal to
b) Gauge pressure - atmospheric pressure
c) Atmospheric pressure - gauge pressure
d) Gauge pressure - vacuum pressure
The intensity of pressure on an immersed surface __________ with the increase in depth.
a) Does not change
c) Decreases
d) None of these
Buoyant force is
a) The resultant force acting on a floating body
c) Equal to the volume of liquid displaced
d) The force necessary to maintain equilibrium of a submerged body
Metacentric height is given as the distance between
b) The center of gravity of the body and the center of buoyancy
c) The center of gravity of the body and the center of pressure
d) Center of buoyancy and metacentre
The most economical section of a rectangular channel is one which has hydraulic mean depth or hydraulic radius equal to
b) Half the breadth
c) Twice the depth
d) Twice the breadth
The most economical section of a trapezoidal channel is one which has hydraulic mean depth equal to
b) 1/2 × breadth
c) 1/2 × sloping side
d) 1/4 × (depth + breadth)
A bucket of water is hanging from a spring balance. An iron piece is suspended into water without touching sides of bucket from another support. The spring balance reading will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
d) Increase/decrease depending on depth of immersion
A balloon lifting in air follows the following principle
a) Law of gravitation
b) Archimedes principle
c) Principle of buoyancy
One litre of water occupies a volume of
b) 250 cm³
c) 500 cm³
d) 100 cm³
The volume of a fluid __________ as the pressure increases.
a) Remains same
c) Increases
d) None of these
The capillary rise at 20°C in a clean glass tube of 1 mm bore containing water is approximately
a) 5 mm
b) 10 mm
c) 20 mm
Surface tension has the units of
a) Newton-sec/m
b) Newton/m²
d) Newton
Fluid is a substance which offers no resistance to change of
a) Pressure
b) Flow
d) Volume
A fluid is said to be ideal, if it is
a) Incompressible
b) Viscous and incompressible
c) Inviscous and compressible
Choose the wrong statement
a) The center of buoyancy is located at the center of gravity of the displaced liquid
b) For stability of a submerged body, the center of gravity of body must lie directly below the center of buoyancy
c) If C.G. and center of buoyancy coincide, the submerged body must lie at neutral equilibrium for all positions
Surface tension has the units of
a) Newton-sec/m
b) Newton/m²
d) Newton
Fluid is a substance which offers no resistance to change of
a) Pressure
b) Flow
d) Volume
The kinematic viscosity is the
b) Ratio of density of the liquid to the absolute viscosity
c) Product of absolute viscosity and density of the liquid
d) Product of absolute viscosity and mass of the liquid
Choose the correct relationship
a) Specific gravity = gravity × density
c) Gravity = specific gravity × density
d) Kinematic viscosity = dynamic viscosity × density
Surface energy per unit area of a surface is numerically equal to
a) Atmospheric pressure
c) Force of adhesion
d) Force of cohesion
The viscosity of water is __________ than that of mercury.
b) Lower
c) Same as
d) None of these
The intensity of pressure at any point, in a liquid, is __________ to the depth of liquid from the surface.
a) Equal
c) Inversely proportional
d) None of these
The center of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called
a) Metacentre
b) Center of pressure
d) Center of gravity
The pressure less than atmospheric pressure is known as
a) Suction pressure
b) Vacuum pressure
c) Negative gauge pressure
The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if
a) It is incompressible
b) It has uniform viscosity
c) It has zero viscosity
Metacentric height is the distance between the metacentre and
a) Water surface
b) Center of pressure
d) Center of buoyancy
In immersed bodies, center of pressure is:
a) At C.G.
b) Above C.G.
d) Variable
The imaginary line drawn such that the tangents at its all points indicates the direction of the velocity of the fluid particles at each point, is called
a) path line
c) potential line
d) streak line
In fluids, steady flow occurs when
a) condition of flow changes steadily with time
b) condition of flow not change with time
d) velocity vector remains constant at a point
Uniform flow is said to occur when
b) size and shape of the cross-section change along length
c) friction loss in the particular length of the channel will be more than the drop in elevation
d) frictional loss in the particular length of the channel will be less than the drop in elevation
If the velocity, pressure, density, etc., do not change at a point with respect to time, the flow is called
a) uniform
b) incompressible
c) nonuniform
If the velocity, pressure, density, etc., change at a point with respect to time, the flow is called
a) uniform
b) compressible
d) incompressible
If the velocity in a fluid flow does not change with respect to the length of direction flow, it is called
a) steady flow
c) incompressible flow
d) rotational flow
If the velocity in a fluid flow changes with respect to the length of direction flow, it is called
a) unsteady flow
b) compressible flow
c) rotational flow
If the density of a fluid is constant from point to point in a flow region, it is called
a) steady flow
c) uniform flow
d) rotational flow
If the density of a fluid changes from point to point in a flow region, it is called
a) steady flow
b) incompressible flow
c) non-uniform flow
If the velocity of fluid particles varies from point to point in magnitude and direction, as well as from instant to instant, the flow is said to be
a) laminar
c) uniform flow
d) non-uniform flow
The flow in which path of individual fluid particles of liquid cross each other is called
a) uniform flow
c) stream line flow
d) none of the above
A steady uniform flow is through a
a) long pipe at decreasing rate
c) long pipe at increasing rate
d) none of the above
A flow whose streamline is represented by a curve is called:
a) One-dimensional flow
c) Three-dimensional flow
d) Four-dimensional flow
The path traced by a single particle of smoke issuing from a cigarette is a
a) Streamline
b) Flow line
d) Streakline
Laminar flow is also called
a) Steady flow
b) Uniform flow
c) Unsteady flow
A streamline is a line
a) Connecting mid points of a flow cross-section
b) Drawn normal to the velocity vector at any point
c) Connecting points of equal velocity in a flow
For a two-dimensional flow field, the equation of streamline is
a) u dy = v dx
b) du/dy = dv/dx
c) dx/u = dy/v
Steady irrotational flow of an incompressible fluid is called
a) Streamline flow
c) Shear flow
d) Creeping flow
During the opening of a valve, the flow is
a) Laminar
c) Uniform
d) Rotational
If ψ is the stream function, then velocity components u and v are given by:
a) u = ∂ψ/∂y, v = ∂ψ/∂x
b) u = ∂ψ/∂x, v = ∂ψ/∂y
d) u = ∂ψ/∂x, v = -∂ψ/∂y
The continuity equation ∇·V = 0 is valid for
a) ideal fluid flow only
c) steady flow, whether compressible or incompressible flow
d) incompressible fluids and steady flow only
Flow of water in river is example of
a) One dimensional flow
b) Laminar flow
c) Two dimensional flow
If φ is a potential function, then velocity components u and v are given by
b) u = ∂φ/∂x, v = ∂φ/∂y
c) u = ∂φ/∂y, v = ∂φ/∂x
d) u = -∂φ/∂y, v = -∂φ/∂x
Vorticity is given by
a) 1.5 times rotation
c) Three times rotation
d) equal to rotation
The local acceleration in the direction of x is given by
a) ∂u/∂x
b) ∂u/∂t
c) Du/Dt
If velocity in a fluid flow does not change with respect to length of direction of flow, it is called
b) Steady flow
c) Incompressible flow
d) Rotational flow
If density of fluid is constant from point to point in a flow region, it is called
a) Unsteady flow
b) Irrotational flow
d) none of the above
If the velocity, pressure, density etc. do not change at a point with respect to time, the flow is called
a) Uniform
c) Non-uniform
d) incompressible
A streamline and an equipotential line in a flow field:
a) Are parallel to each other
c) Intersect at an acute angle
d) Are identical
Steady flow occurs when
a) The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
c) The magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
d) The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane
Non uniform flow occurs when
a) The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
b) The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of time
d) The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane
A one dimensional flow is one which
a) Is uniform flow
b) Is steady uniform flow
c) Takes place in straight lines
In a forced vortex, the velocity of flow everywhere within the fluid is
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
According to Bernoulli's equation
b) Z + p/w - v²/2g = constant
c) Z - p/w + v²/2g = constant
d) Z - p/w - v²/2g = constant
The loss of pressure head in case of laminar flow is proportional to
b) (Velocity)²
c) (Velocity)³
d) (Velocity)⁴
The loss of head due to viscosity for laminar flow in pipes is (where d = Diameter of pipe, l = Length of pipe, v = Velocity of flow, w = Specific weight of the flowing liquid)
a) 4
b) 8
c) 16
The velocity at which the flow changes from laminar flow to turbulent flow is called
b) Velocity of approach
c) Sub-sonic velocity
d) Super-sonic velocity
Reynolds number is significant in
a) Supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion
c) Simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of discontinuity, gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship's hulls
d) All of the above
The flow in a pipe is neither laminar nor turbulent when Reynold number is
a) Less than 2000
c) More than 2800
d) None of these
Flow through a hole in wash basin is:
a) Steady flow
b) Uniform flow
d) Forced vortex
Gradually varied flow is
a) Steady uniform
b) Non-steady non-uniform
c) Non-steady uniform
A flow through a long pipe at constant rate is called
b) Steady non-uniform flow
c) Unsteady uniform flow
d) Unsteady non-uniform flow
A flow through a long pipe at decreasing rate is called __________ uniform flow.
a) Steady
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
According to Bernoulli's equation for steady ideal fluid flow
a) Principle of conservation of mass holds
b) Velocity and pressure are inversely proportional
c) Total energy is constant throughout
Bernoulli equation deals with the law of conservation of
a) Mass
b) Momentum
d) Work
Reynold's number is the ratio of inertia force to
a) Pressure force
b) Elastic force
c) Gravity force
The continuity equation is connected with
a) Open channel/pipe flow
b) Compressibility of fluids
d) Steady/unsteady flow
Which of the following statement is correct?
a) In a compressible flow, the volume of the flowing liquid changes during the flow
b) A flow, in which the volume of the flowing liquid does not change, is called incompressible flow
c) When the particles rotate about their own axes while flowing, the flow is said to be rotational flow
True one-dimensional flow occurs when
b) The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of time
c) The magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
d) The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane
The discharge in an open channel corresponding to critical depth is
a) Zero
b) Minimum
d) None of these
The total energy of each particle at various places in the case of perfect incompressible fluid flowing in continuous stream
a) Keeps on increasing
b) Keeps on decreasing
d) May increase/decrease
The flow in which each liquid particle has a definite path and their paths do not cross each other is called
a) One dimensional flow
c) Steady flow
d) Turbulent flow
In one dimensional flow, the flow
a) Is steady and uniform
c) Takes place in curve
d) Takes place in one direction
A flow is said to be laminar when
a) the fluid particles move in a zig-zag way
b) the Reynold's number is high
d) none of the above
If the fluid particles move in straight lines and all the lines are parallel to the surface, the flow is called
a) turbulent
b) uniform
c) compressible
An orifice is called a large orifice if water head is
a) two times the diameter
b) three times the diameter
d) ten times the diameter
Venturimeter is used to measure
b) point velocity
c) static pressure
d) all of the above
What is the relationship between Orificemeter diameter and pipe diameter?
a) Orificemeter diameter is 0.5 times the pipe diameter
b) Orificemeter diameter is one third times the pipe diameter
d) Orificemeter diameter is equal to the pipe diameter
In Venturi's divergent section:
a) Constant pressure
b) Pressure increases
d) Mass-dependent
The coefficient of discharge is __________ the coefficient of velocity:
b) Same as
c) More than
d) None
A flow where viscosity dominates inertia is called:
a) Steady flow
b) Unsteady flow
d) Turbulent flow
A notch measures:
a) Pressure
c) Velocity
d) Volume
Coefficient of velocity (Cv) is:
b) Contracta area/orifice area
c) Actual/theoretical discharge
d) None
Identify the Bernoulli's equation where each term represents energy per unit mass
a) v²/2g + p/w + z = constant
b) v²/2 + p/ρ + gz = constant
c) pv²/g + gp/ρ = constant
Study of fluid motion with the forces causing the flow is known as
a) Kinematics of fluid flow
b) Dynamatics of fluid flow
d) None of above
The term v²/2g is known as
a) Potential energy
b) Pressure energy
d) None of the above
The term p/w is known as
a) Kinetic energy per unit weight
b) Pressure energy
d) Potential energy
The term Z is known as
a) Potential energy
b) Potential energy per unit weight
c) Pressure energy
The difference of pressure head (h) measured by mercury-oil differential manometer is given by
a) (S₂ - S₁)x
b) (S₁/S₂)x
c) (S₂/S₁)x
Pitot-tube is used to measure
a) Discharge
b) Average Velocity
d) Pressure at a point
Venturimeter is used to measure
b) Average velocity
c) Velocity at a point
d) Pressure at a point
Orifice meter is used to measure
b) Average velocity
c) Velocity at a point
d) Pressure at a point
The rate of flow through venturimeter varies as
a) H
b) H²
c) H³/²
The kinetic energy correction factor for laminar flow through a circular pipe is approximately equal to
a) 1.0
b) 1.5
d) 2.25
The Bernoulli's equation deals with the law of conservation of
a) mass
b) work
c) length
Which of the following is not the assumption made in Bernoulli's equation?
a) The fluid is ideal
c) The flow is irrotational
d) The flow is steady
The working principle of venturimeter is based on
b) Momentum equation
c) Continuity equation
d) None of the above
The difference between the total head line and the hydraulic grade line represents the:
A. Piezometric head
B. Pressure head
C. Elevation head
In which of the following conditions can the Bernoulli equation not be used?
b) Incompressible fluid
c) Steady flow
d) Laminar flow
The pressure of the liquid flowing through the divergent portion of a Venturimeter
a) Remains constant
b) Increases
d) Depends upon mass of liquid
An opening in the side of a tank or vessel such that the liquid surface with the tank is below the top edge of the opening, is called
a) Weir
c) Orifice
d) None of these
A weir is said to be narrow-crested weir, if the width of the crest of the weir is __________ half the height of water above the weir crest
a) Equal to
c) More than
d) None of these
When the water level on the downstream side of a weir is above the top surface of a weir, the weir is known as
a) Narrow-crested weir
b) Broad-crested weir
c) Ogee weir
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of
b) Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
c) Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
d) None of the above
The error in discharge (dQ/Q) to the error in measurement of head (dH/H) over a triangular notch is given by
a) dQ/Q =3/2 × (dH/H)
b) dQ/Q =2 × (dH/H)
d) dQ/Q =3 × (dH/H)
According to Manning's formula, the discharge through an open channel is (where M = Manning's constant)
a) A ×M ×m1/2 ×i2/3
c) A1/2 × M2/3 × m × i
d) A2/3 × M1/3 × m × i
Differential manometer is used to measure
a) Pressure in pipes, channels etc.
b) Atmospheric pressure
c) Very low pressure
An air vessel is provided at the summit in a siphon to
b) Increase discharge
c) Increase velocity
d) Maintain pressure difference
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when
a) There is excessive leakage in the pipe
b) The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
c) The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The velocity of jet of water travelling out of opening in a tank filled with water is proportional to
a) Head of water (h)
b) h²
d) h/2
According to Darcy's formula, the loss of head due to friction in the pipe is (where f = Darcy's coefficient, l = Length of pipe, v = Velocity of liquid in pipe, and d = Diameter of pipe)
a) flv²/2gd
b) flv²/gd
c) 3flv²/2gd
The discharge through a convergent mouthpiece is __________ the discharge through an internal mouthpiece of the same diameter and head of water.
a) Equal to
b) One-half
c) Three fourth
Venturimeter is used to
a) Measure the velocity of a flowing liquid
b) Measure the pressure of a flowing liquid
d) Measure the pressure difference of liquid flowing between two points in a pipe line
The Cipoletti weir is a __________ weir.
a) Rectangular
b) Triangular
d) Circular
The maximum discharge over a broad crested weir is
a) 0.384 Cd × L × H¹/²
b) 0.384 Cd × L × H³/²
c) 1.71 Cd × L × H¹/²
A Piezometer tube is used only for measuring
a) Low pressure
b) High pressure
d) Vacuum pressure
Pressure of the order of 10⁻⁶ torr can be measured by
a) Bourdon tube
b) Pirani Gauge
c) Micro-manometer
A pitot tube is used to measure the
b) Pressure difference between two points in a pipe
c) Total pressure of liquid flowing in a pipe
d) Discharge through a pipe
The critical depth meter is used to measure
a) Velocity of flow in an open channel
b) Depth of flow in an open channel
d) Depth of channel
Flow of water in a pipe about 3 metres in diameter can be measured by
a) Orifice plate
b) Venturimeter
c) Rotameter
Which of the following instruments is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli's theorem?
a) Venturimeter
b) Orifice plate
c) Nozzle
Principle of similitude forms the basis of
a) Comparing two identical equipments
c) Comparing similarity between design and actual equipment
d) Hydraulic designs
The rise of liquid along the walls of a revolving cylinder about the initial level is __________ the depression of the liquid at the axis of rotation.
b) Less than
c) More than
d) None of these
Euler's dimensionless number relates the following
a) Inertial force and gravity
b) Viscous force and inertial force
c) Viscous force and buoyancy force
The ratio of the inertia force to the __________ is called Euler's number
b) Elastic force
c) Surface tension force
d) Viscous force
Select the correct statement
a) Weber's number is the ratio of inertia force to elastic force
b) Weber's number is the ratio of gravity force to surface tension force
c) Weber's number is the ratio of viscous force to pressure force
For similarity, in addition to models being geometrically similar to prototype, the following in both cases should also be equal
a) Ratio of inertial force to force due to viscosity
b) Ratio of inertial force to force due to gravitation
c) Ratio of inertial force to force due to surface tension
Mach number is significant in
b) Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc.
c) Simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of discontinuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship's hulls
d) All of the above
When the Mach number is between __________ the flow is called super-sonic flow
a) 1 and 2.5
b) 2.5 and 4
c) 4 and 6
A flow is called hyper-sonic, if the Mach number is
a) Less than unity
b) Unity
c) Between 1 and 6
A flow is called super-sonic if the
a) Velocity of flow is very high
b) Discharge is difficult to measure
d) None of these
The value of bulk modulus of a fluid is required to determine
a) Reynold's number
b) Froude's number
d) Euler's number
A piece of wood having weight 5 kg floats in water with 60% of its volume under the liquid. The specific gravity of wood is
a) 0.83
c) 0.4
d) 0.3
The specific weight of sea water is __________ that of pure water.
a) Same as
b) Less than
d) None of these
Alcohol is used in manometers because
a) It has low vapour pressure
b) It is clearly visible
c) It has low surface tension
The discharge over a rectangular notch is
a) Inversely proportional to H³/²
c) Inversely proportional to H⁵/²
d) Directly proportional to H⁵/²
According to Francis formula, the discharge over a rectangular weir is (where n = Number of end contractions)
a) (2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H²
c) (2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H⁵/²
d) (2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g)
Euler's number relates:
a) Inertial/gravity forces
b) Viscous/inertial forces
c) Viscous/buoyancy forces
For complete similarity between model and prototype, which ratios must match?
a) Inertial/viscous (Re)
b) Inertial/gravitational (Fr)
c) Inertial/surface tension (We)
Similitude principle is used for:
a) Comparing identical equipment
c) Design-actual comparison
d) Hydraulic designs
The torque required to overcome viscous resistance of a collar bearing is (where R1 and R2 = External and internal radius of collar)
a) ×
b)
c)
The Newton's law of resistance is based on the assumption that the
a) Planes of the body are completely smooth
b) Space around the body is completely filled with the fluid
c) Fluid particles do not exert any influence on one another
The force exerted by a moving fluid on an immersed body is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum due to the presence of the body. This statement is called
a) Newton's law of motion
b) Newton's law of cooling
c) Newton's law of viscosity
In order that flow takes place between two points in a pipeline, the differential pressure between these points must be more than
a) Frictional force
b) Viscosity
c) Surface friction
The power absorbed (in watts) in overcoming the viscous resistance of a footstep bearing is
a) μN²R²/1800t
c) μN²R²/7200t
d) μN²R²/900t
In a footstep bearing, if the speed of the shaft is doubled, then the torque required to overcome the viscous resistance will be
b) Four times
c) Eight times
d) Sixteen times