लोक सेवा आयोग

परीक्षा योजना (Examination Scheme)

यस पाठ्यक्रम योजनालाई दुई चरणमा विभाजन गरिएको छ:

• प्रथम चरण: लिखित परीक्षा (Written Examination) - पूर्णाङ्क: २००
• द्वितीय चरण:
  • (क) सामूहिक परीक्षण (Group Test) - पूर्णाङ्क: १०
  • (ख) अन्तर्वार्ता (Interview) - पूर्णाङ्क: ३०

प्रथम चरण: लिखित परीक्षा (Written Examination) - पूर्णाङ्क: २००

द्वितीय चरण: सामूहिक परीक्षण (Group Test) र अन्तर्वार्ता (Interview) - पूर्णाङ्क: ४०

प्रथम पत्र (Paper I): General Subject

Part (I): General Awareness & General Ability Test (50 Marks)

1. General Awareness and Contemporary Issues (25 ×1 Mark = 25 Marks)

• 1.1 Physical, socio-cultural and economic geography and demography of Nepal
• 1.2 Major natural resources of Nepal
• 1.3 Geographical diversity, climatic conditions, and livelihood & lifestyle of people
• 1.4 Notable events and personalities, social, cultural and economic conditions in modern history of Nepal
• 1.5 Current periodical plan of Nepal
• 1.6 Information on sustainable development, environment, pollution, climate change, biodiversity, science and technology
• 1.7 Nepal's international affairs and general information on the UNO, SAARC & BIMSTEC
• 1.8 The Constitution of Nepal (From Part 1 to 5 and Schedules)
• 1.9 Governance system and Government (Federal, Provincial and Local)
• 1.10 Provisions of civil service act and regulation relating to constitution of civil service, organisational structure, posts of service, fulfillment of vacancy and code of conduct
• 1.11 Functional scope of public services
• 1.12 Public Service Charter
• 1.13 Concept, objective and importance of public policy
• 1.14 Fundamentals of management: planning, organizing, directing, controlling, coordinating, decision making, motivation and leadership
• 1.15 Government planning, budgeting and accounting system
• 1.16 Major events and current affairs of national and international importance

2. General Reasoning Test (25 ×1 Mark = 25 Marks)

2.1 Logical Reasoning (9×1 Mark = 9 Marks)

Verbal Ability, Alphanumeric Series, Reasoning Analogies, Classification, Coding-Decoding, Order & Ranking, Distance & Directions, Analytical and Logical Reasoning, Assertion and Reason, Statement and Conclusion, Input-Output, Venn-diagram

2.2 Numerical Reasoning (8×1 Mark = 8 Marks)

Arithmetic Series, Analogy, Classification, Arithmetical Reasoning, Fraction, Percentage, Ratio, Average, Profit & Loss, Time & Work, Date & Calendar, Data Sufficiency, Data Interpretation & Data Verification

2.3 Spatial Reasoning (8×1 Mark = 8 Marks)

Figure Series, Figure Analogy, Figure Classification, Figure Matrix, Pattern Completion, Embedded Images, Image Formation & Analysis, Mirror and Water Images, Cubes and Dices, Paper Folding & Cutting

Part (B): General Technical Subject (50 Marks)

1. General Hydrology 16%

• 1.1 Hydrological cycle; water balance; precipitation; stream flow; evapotranspiration; infiltration; aquifers; sub-surface flow; hydraulic wells

2. Meteorology/Climatology 14%

• 2.1 Composition and structure of atmosphere; solar radiation; terrestrial radiation; thermodynamics of atmosphere
• 2.2 General circulation; atmospheric turbulence; climate elements (precipitation, temperature, wind etc.); climate classification; regional climatology; climatic changes

3. Probability and Statistics 10%

• 3.1 Probability concepts: probability distributions; frequency analysis; central tendency; time series analysis; trend analysis; periodicity; correlation and regression; auto-correlation; cross-correlation; and spectrum analysis

4. Fluid Mechanics 16%

• 4.1 Properties of fluids; fluid pressure; hydrostatic forces; buoyancy; types of fluid flow; continuity equation; bernoulli's equation; stream lines; equipotential lines and flow net; circulation and vorticity

5. Fluvial Hydraulics 14%

• 5.1 Open channel flow: types of flow; velocity distribution, pressure distribution, specific energy and specific force and states of flow
• 5.2 Conveyance of channel section; geometric properties of channels; uniform flow in channel; Chezy's and Manning's equations, specific energy and critical depth; critical flow; hydraulic jump and back water flow

6. Water Resources Planning 10%

• 6.1 Components of water demand; components of water losses; importance of Integrated Water Resources Planning; hydrological and meteorological data requirement in Water Resources Planning; types of Water Resources Projects

7. Survey and Mapping 10%

• 7.1 Plan and map; principles of theory of errors in measurements; linear measurements; leveling; contouring

8. Project Management 6%

• 8.1 Project objectives and goals; project life cycles
• 8.2 Introduction to project management information systems
• 8.3 Network models – CPM, PERT

9. Professional Practices 4%

• 9.1 Ethics and professionalism: code of conduct and guidelines for professional engineering practices
• 9.2 Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 and Regulation, 2056
• 9.3 Relation with clients, contractor and fellow professionals

द्वितीय पत्र (Paper II): Technical Subject

Section A (30 Marks)

1. Hydrological observations (instruments and methods) 20%

• 1.1 Precipitation: gauge location; non-recording and recording gauges; snowfall measurement; observations by satellite
• 1.2 Snow cover: water equivalent; depth and extent of snow cover; ground surveys; radioisotope snow gauges; snow pillows; natural gamma radiation
• 1.3 Evaporation and evapotranspiration: pan evaporation; soil evaporimeters; lysimeters; snow evaporimeters; short and long wave radiation; indirect methods
• 1.4 Water levels of rivers, lakes and reservoirs: gauges and procedures for measurement of stage; frequency of stage measurements
• 1.5 Discharge measurements: current meters; float method; dilution method; ultrasonic method; electromagnetic method; indirect methods; measurement under ice cover
• 1.6 Stream gauging stations: selection of site; control sections; stage-discharge relationships
• 1.7 Water temperature: infra-red radiation thermometer; measurement of water surface temperature for lake and reservoir evaporation

2. Design of hydro-meteorological network Unit 2 & 3: 10%

• 2.1 General principles for design of networks: general requirements; optimum network; minimum network; optimum use of existing stations in organizing a minimum network; data to be considered in determining network density; quality of data to be collected
• 2.2 Density of observation stations for a minimum network: factors affecting the density; minimum density limit of climatological networks; hydrometric network of minimum density
• 2.3 Integration of bench-mark stations and representative basins in the network

3. Snow and glacial hydrology

• 3.1 Formation of snow and ice; methods of observation
• 3.2 Basic concept of glaciers, variation of glaciers, process of snow and glacier melting; monitoring of glaciers
• 3.3 Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

Section B (20 Marks)

4. Collection, processing and publication of hydro-meteorological data 10%

• 4.1 Collection: observational procedures; transmission of hydrological observations; quality control; storage of data
• 4.2 Special data collection: weather radar data and extreme rainfall; extreme river stages and discharges
• 4.3 Stream flow computation: computation of average gauge height; computation of average discharge; computation of average discharge under ice cover; quality control of stream flow data; data processing through computer software
• 4.4 Publication: purposes; requirements of hydrology; frequency of publication; contents and formats

5. Ground water hydrology 10%

• 5.1 Occurrence and distribution of ground water; geological formations (aquifers, aquicludes; aquitards); artesian - gravity well
• 5.2 Flow equations for confined and unconfined aquifers; Dupit's assumption
• 5.3 Water wells and their types; testing of wells
• 5.4 Well hydraulics; Darcy's law; permeability; steady and unsteady flow; specific capacity and well efficiency; well losses
• 5.5 Soil moisture: weight method and electrical resistance method

Section C (30 Marks)

6. Hydrological analysis 30%

• 6.1 Catchment characteristics and their effects to surface runoff
• 6.2 Interpretation of precipitation data: adjustment of data, double-mass cure analysis, evaluation of physiographic effects; average depth over a catchment; storm rainfall studies; depth-area-duration analysis, probable maximum precipitation (PMP); rainfall frequencies; drought severity; rainfall intensities
• 6.3 Interpretation of stream flow data: adjustment of data; spatial distribution, maps of average annual run-off; temporal distribution of runoff volume, unit hydrograph, stream flow routine, low flow analysis, flow duration curves, low for frequencies, statistical analysis of droughts, recession curve analysis, flood frequencies, statistical analysis of floods, regional generalization of flood characteristics; long period trends
• 6.4 Evaporation and evapotranspiration: water budget method, energy budget method aerodynamic approach, combination of aerodynamic and energy balance equations, pan coefficient method
• 6.5 Runoff relations with rainfall and snowmelt: regressions analysis; runoff by storm periods, antecedent-moisture index method, initial base flow as index to rainfall runoff, moisture accounting techniques; runoff from short period snowmelt; monthly, seasonal and annual water budget
• 6.6 Hydrological analysis: estimation of required reservoir storage capacity, multipurpose storage requirements; reservoir system design; environmental effects
• 6.7 Design of urban and small rural watershed drainage works: regional method; unit hydrograph and time area curves; distributed system models; rainfall data required for design of drainage works
• 6.8 Influences of hydrological factors on water quality: general causes of water quality changes, reaction to pollutants; eutrophication; self-purification; absorption and accumulation; rise in water temperature

Section D (20 Marks)

7. Sediment measurement techniques and analysis 10%

• 7.1 Source of sediment; geo-morphology of rivers; seasonal variation of sediment load; types of sediment; physical and chemical characteristics of water (turbidity, color, conductivity etc.)
• 7.2 Measurement of sediment; bed load; suspended load
• 7.3 Sediment yields; sediment yield modeling; Musgrave equation; Universal Soil-Loss Equation (USLE); runoff-sediment relation; sediment concentration graph; unit sediment graph; reservoir and lake sedimentation
• 7.4 Estimation of bed load and suspended load; estimation of sediment load in the absence of local data

8. Hydrological forecasting 10%

• 8.1 Hydrological forecasts and warnings: classification of hydrological forecasts, types of warnings
• 8.2 Hydrological forecasting services: operation; organization; collection of data and issue of forecasts and warnings; data requirements accuracy and frequency of data measurements, operational data acquisition, use of radar observations for hydrological forecasting, use of snow and ice observations from meteorological satellites, technical equipment for hydrological forecasting services
• 8.3 Forecast method: seasonal and annual flow forecasts; stages and flows, flood forecasts, rainfall runoff computations, conceptual catchment models, stream flow simulation; short and long term forecasts of ice formation and break up
• 8.4 Evaluation and verification of hydrological forecasts: formulation of hydrological forecasts; evaluation of forecasting method; verification of operational forecasts; relation between meteorological and hydrological forecasting; benefit-cost analysis for hydrological forecasting